Currently Be careful refit vehicles

Security & safety while you do the job well should not be ignored not only the cleanliness and, neatness should be considered if you are doing light work service or repair your car in the garage. However, security &
safety while you do the job well should not be overlooked. What are they?



Prior to working under the car, check the car seat on the tripod stand by shaking it. When you are working under a raised car jack and use a solid buffer to hold your car.

When you clean the vehicle using water pressure (air pressure), do not toying with direct air pressure to your body or someone else's body. It can cause accidents and can result in death.

Be careful with fluids dripping when doing work such as flammable liquids (gasoline, diesel, thinner, oil) and brake fluid / lead. Therefore do not smoke at work and avoid ignition by sparks from the ignition system, a short circuit in the electrical and welding as well as when you hit the brake fluid / lead, immediately wash your hands.

When you open the radiator in a state of the motor is hot, do it slowly and carefully. Protect your hands with a rag on the radiator for cooling water can spray out.

Protect your eyes with safety glasses when you do the work grind, drill, weld or perform work using battery electrolyte / water hard. Battery electrolyte is a mixture of water with sulfuric acid. Keep your eyes from hard water
them. If your clothes get wet should be immediately rinsed with hard water soap to prevent damage.

Be careful with hazardous substances and toxic. Arrange with good ventilation when the car is turned on. Open doors and windows for air circulation smoothly.

When cleaning the brakes, avoid using compressed air should use water. That's because the thread / dust asbestos brake and clutch canvas can damage the lungs.



Why Steering wheel hard to Driven

Beware of damage to the steering wheel or steering system
The steering system or steering wheel has a very important role in driving. If there is an abnormality and damage of any nature it is necessary to be aware of. One was at the time the vehicle is running, the steering wheel hard driven alias too heavy to be moved. You need to know the causes and conduct tests to determine where the location of the damage:

1. Check the front tires:
• Is the front tire pressure is too low
• Is not quite right front wheel alignment
2. Check if there is a shortage of oil lubricant in the steering gear or tub fat deficiency on the connection - the connection the steering column or the front wheel bearings.
• Dongkraklah vehicle so that both front wheels hanging in the state.
• Check the connections and screws from the steering system is quite robust. The parts that need to be examined are ball joints / front suspension, tie rod ends and base (tie rod).
• How to check the damage you need to be assisted by a friend.
Turn the steering wheel fully to the left, wiggle the steering wheel slightly to the left and to the right.
Then turn the steering wheel to the full right, wiggle the steering wheel slightly to the left and to the right. If the movement is too heavy it signifies less oil / fat.
3. For further improvement, take the car to the garage for repairs of the steering system and carried out the correct settings.

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Do not underestimate the rain which flushed your car

The rain which flushed the streets lately, it could cause problems on your vehicle. Dust and mud that accompanies rain shower attached to the vehicle, will absorb moisture rapidly and can damage the paint surface. Long the paint will wear off and cracks easily occur.
Anticipate the right, frequently wash your car in the wet season. Because cleanliness is important for the maintenance of vehicles to prevent damage.

Outside Vehicle
1. Keep the vehicle body surface is dry and not too dirty.
2. If the vehicle surface is dry, wipe with a clean dry cloth or feather duster.
3. If there is stubborn dirt, use a clean damp cloth, do not use a dry cloth as this can cause scratches on the surface of the paint, especially if wiped with a strong hand pressure.

Bottom of Vehicle
1. Wash the bottom of the vehicle, because the more quickly it dirty and muddy as close to the road surface so it can be easily damaged.
2. Clean tires with palm fiber brush, clean the dirty quickly bergemuk or with soapy water, while the white lines on a dirty tire can be bleached with emery paper.
3. Clean the spakbor and spring with a spray of water, if necessary, match the dirt with a brush / tree trunk if difficult to clean.
4. Check the suspension system, whether or not covered in mud because this section can not be seen easily.

Inside Vehicle
1. Do not flush the inside of the vehicle with water because it can cause corrosion on the floor and can not dry quickly.
2. In the interior parts can be cleaned with a soft broom / duster / vacuum cleaner.
3. Clean the dirt is not easily lost with a clean damp cloth. Clean the carpet with soapy water out of a vehicle, pat dry and reinstall.
4. Rain water that goes into a vehicle, pat dry with a dry cloth because moist air can damage the interior. Open the whole glass, drying in the sun, pick up all the carpet, until the water evaporates so that parts of the vehicle does not quickly rust.
5. Try to avoid any standing water on parts of the vehicle, such as the hinge, where the glass doors.

[erf/oto]

Symptoms of leakage currents in Accu

Vehicle battery will run out of charge if there is leakage current
Vehicle battery will run out of charge if there is leakage current. It can is due to short circuit or due to other causes so as if the battery is not current can be loaded. As a result, the car could not start or even worse strike in trip. 
To find the leakage current of the battery, you can know with way as follows:
• Turn off all electric keys in the car to the off position as well as turn the ignition key in the ignition to the off position.
• Open the battery terminals are connected to the polls on the bodywork. Then touch pol terminal on the battery.
• Observe whether seen any leaps and electricity to parts of the touched. If yes it means indicates a short circuit in the battery.
• Immediately take the car to the garage for repair.



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  • Periodic inspection of the car

    We have to consider in conducting periodic inspections to your car is:
    1. Power Steering Oil
    2. Brake and Clutch (M / T)
    3. Checking Engine Oil height.
    4. Oil Automatic Transmission (Model A / T)
    5. Air Filter
    6. Washer Fluid Reservoir
    7. Engine Cooling System and Reservoir water radiator
    8. battery
    9. Drive Belt (fan belt)
    10. plug
    11. rubber Wiper
    12. Fuel filter
    13. Check the brake condition.
    14. Fuse / fusible link holder.
    15. Lights.
    16. Tire.
    17. Cleaning the Exterior and Interior Vehicle



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  • The sudden brake tension

    In the middle of your journey on the highway, often unexpected damage to your car that can not be avoided. The sudden brake tension will make you panic. Do not panic, there are still things you can do to anticipate it.

    May cause you less control over the condition of your vehicle, if you are traveling, a good idea to check the condition of your car first. What should you do:

    -Immediately reduce the speed of your vehicle. Then move your foot off the accelerator. Enable the emergency brake.
    -Raise your hand brake lever slowly but surely up to the limit of optimal job. Do not answer it in full, due to the sudden braking, the rear of the vehicle will experience traction and can cause sudden twist.
    -After using the hand brake, immediately use the engine brake. Insert the gear of the transmission gear position five to position one gear. Although normally teeth can not be
    into a low position because of the rotation is too high, because this force an emergency.
    -If still having trouble, you should be forced to lean on the front of your vehicle in the front bumper. Although the risk of your car bumper and in front of you to be damaged. His name is also an emergency, an important find survivors. [Erf / auto]

    (bid / multiple sources)

    Car Care Tips Yourself

    Indirectly you will save costs to the garage, but look at the tricks before the action. If you have enough knowledge about the car engine and your hobby is tinkering with the engine it does not hurt you to perform maintenance and repairs on your own car.
    Aside from causing pleasure as a hobby, indirectly you will save costs to the garage. But before you consider the following tips:
    • Buy the right equipment and in accordance with the work you will do.
    Do not be tempted to buy an expensive set of equipment, but it turns out later that it was instead the equipment useless.
    • To buy part, buy auto parts quality, durable and reliable. Try to get a discount discount alias. Do not buy cheap parts, but not quality. You will only shorten the life of your vehicle.
    • Perform maintenance work is completed. Check the parts that deal in one treatment session. For example, check the electrical parts, check all parts associated with electrical systems such as lighting, wiring,
    battery, alternator, etc..
    • Perform job as car maintenance routine work which becomes a
    good habits. Because the car is well maintained and would rarely damage
    Longer shelf life.


    Fuel efficient

    Mood crisis such as now, making many people re-think how to save money if you want to spend anything. For car owners, the thing that makes surprise was the high prices of auto parts. Until now, the rising prices of spare parts has reached 2.5 times higher than pre-crisis prices. Repair the damaged car in the garage, now need to ask first. If not, do not be surprised if you will be surprised and hurt, not ready to membayarnya.Belakangan widely expressed, petroleum will rise. And if fuel goes up, then travel costs go up, too. So, very wise to keep the car from now on so it does not cost much more. Or, if you want to repair and need replacement parts, can find the most economical way possible.
    The following points may help you address the situation that is happening. Of course, a very thoughtful treatment. Preparing a car that is not wasteful of fuel, look for alternative parts whose quality is good but less expensive and so on.
    In addition, another important thing to note is how to drive. More patient and careful, it could reduce the risk of unwanted. In the event of accident or bump another car, you certainly do not cost very little. Moreover, the cost of painting is now very expensive. Price of the paint used to Rp 25,000 per liter, can now be more than
    Rp 250,000 per liter.
    Fuel-efficient
    Normally car owners who do not understand the intricacies of the vehicle, can only complain that the extravagant cars, the engine is less tasty and so on. The characteristics of the engine underpowered, ngoyo, ngelithik, and heat, usually associated with a machine that is less wrong, inefficient, and wasteful of fuel. So car owners are generally advised to take the menu Tune Up machine. This menu is effective for cars that use carburetors, but not so for a car that already uses EFI, MPI, and so forth.
    Turned out to tune up the old machines like the set of valves, set of platinum, sets the carburetor is no longer necessary on tech cars without a carburetor. Not much can be done on these cars. Plugs were cleaned and replaced at 50,000 to 100,000 km. In other words, the less work done on the car without a carburetor. The cars with the advanced technology it is now fairly maintained with more frequent cleaning air filter, replace fuel filter (no lead) and oil filter change every 10,000 km.
    However those machines should also have regular maintenance and occasional checked with the test equipment. Easy as anything in the way of maintenance EFI car, or cars that still use carburetors, tune up process should be supported by adequate equipment. For car owners berkarburator, reliability engineers who use the old feeling, still can help. Although he was a comfortable car, but it took me much longer. Whereas when using a tool such as, tune up tester, gas analyzer makes the job even intelligent tester to tune up more quickly and accurately.
    The third tester is truly a staple of equipment to create optimum engine performance. Fuel-efficient cars are always showing low CO. Low CO is one indicator of optimal engine performance, and it can only be known after the use of test equipment exhaust emissions that are placed in car exhaust. CO has been shown that low-fuel combustion and optimum air compared to other machines with higher CO. Indeed the content of CO, two to three percent per volume is high. Because CO-tech EFI car (less than one percent), Gasoline Direct Injection (0.5 percent / volume). Toyota Prius hybrid car is much lower, 0.05 percent / volume.
    Then how can the technician determine levels of CO emissions are low, if the garage is not equipped with flue gas meter test. If not, you revert to tune up, find another shop that has a complete equipment. CBU cars in this country, are using technologies such as VVTL-I, V-tec and a variety of sensors that are used to enhance performance and comfort of the car. Exhaust emissions test kits are not enough, there must be intelligent-tester who is still a luxury item in the eyes of the technician.
    Diesel fuel for diesel
    Many people choose to buy a diesel car, for half the price of diesel fuel premium gasoline prices. Although less convenient, owners of diesel cars could save. Therefore, some diesel car owners pay less attention to the color of the exhaust gas, although in fact the color of black exhaust indicates the engine is wasteful, and if in-tune up the engine can be more efficient and powerful. By replacing the air filter is new, this could be overcome, unless the condition of the car was terrible.
    There are three reasons why wasteful or efficient cars. The first impact or wasteful driver can save between 10-15 percent. Second, the prime condition of the engine exhaust tip is marked gray and drove the car lighter. Third, the tools they increase the comfort of the driver and passengers such as power steering and air conditioning, a direct burden on the machine that could take to raise the level of fuel consumption to 15 percent.
    Driver
    Driving behavior that is running the car in a hurry, not only uncomfortable for the passengers but also wastes fuel. For example, like stepping on the gas pedal until exhausted and then braked suddenly. How to drive like this certainly makes more wasteful of fuel.
    Not long ago the writer tried to Deer EFI from Semarang-Solo pp. Departing from Semarang to drive a car using public transport drivers in pursuit of the deposit, so that the engine RPM is always showing the numbers above 3,500. Return of used a more relaxed and always below 3500 RPM. The results of this testing is very impressive. Time to go, one liter of petrol only to travel 7.8 miles. When he returned home, one liter of gasoline could reach 11.8 miles.
    Besides being more secure in transit, the operation of the car in a relaxed produce sizable fuel savings.



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  • Be careful when relationships shift gears regardless

    If the gear wheel apart relationship so be careful in running the vehicle. Usually the release of the relationship between the gear wheels are common at the time of acceleration, braking or gas pedal is released suddenly. Moreover, vibration, shock and poor road conditions can aggravate the situation. The following is the main cause of the escape wheel gears relationship:
    • Wear and tear / errors in setting the gears in the transfer system.
    • Wear and tear / change the shape of the wheel fork shifting gears.
    • Locking gear shifting fork shaft is less than perfect.
    • Wear and tear on the teeth of gears and gear teeth axle gears.
    • The occurrence of damage to the pads.
    Actions you need to do while driving is: hold the gear shaft to prevent loss of connection gears and gear wheels are not moving to a neutral position. Therefore do not delay to bring your vehicle to the garage subscription.


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  • translate fr. www.oto.co.id

    This thing to watch out for when it rains

    There are many things to watch out for when it rains, including when you drive down the highway standing water on the road. Here we remind you to always be careful:

    1. Note the air inlet on your car if you go through a flooded street. Do not force yourself to go through a puddle of water whose height exceeds the height of the air inlet. In the sedan cars in general are behind the headlights, while on minibuses located on the fender.
    2. If you are stuck flooding and standing water remains below the hole and air channel ignition system then you do not need to turn off the engine exhaust while submerged. Exhaust gas pressure will block the water entering the exhaust. If the engine exhaust even death had no pressure so the water would immediately break into. Just run the car slowly in high rotation at the lowest transmission gear position with a stable.
    3. When driving on wet roads, you should reduce speed. The road is wet it will likely happen is the formation of a layer Aquaplanning triangle between the tire and the road surface. This will make the car lose traction and braking ability.
    4. If you are driving in the rain accompanied by lightning darting you should turn off the car radio. Some of the components inside the car radio is very susceptible terhadapa lightning disturbances.
    5. If the wiper eraser glass jam or run out of water when you are in the middle of the road when it rains. Try to trick an emergency. Look for a shop and buy a dab of soap. Apply soap lengthwise on the top edge of the windshield. Chemicals in the soap will make direct rain water slipping down so that you avoid the frosted glass.
    6. After passing the flood, it is important to check the brakes. Brake components are submerged in water can cause rust and cause damage.



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  • Hint painting cars

    Various ways can be taken to keep your car look attractive. One way is when you decide to repaint your entire car body. Repainted like to give new life to your own car. Later in Indonesia many emerging-bengekel specialist shop that offers a package of clothes face lift color out of the car. It is worth remembering now that they no longer set prices to re-paint the whole body but the price per panel according to the breadth and level of difficulty that will be repainted them. For those of you who are unfamiliar, there are only 3 types of paint that was used to repaint that is:
    1. Stoving paint (dried with oven / grilled)
    2. Urethane paint (dry Hardener with the addition of additives or thinners commonly called)
    3. Lacquer paint (quick dry dull but easy)
    Of course all three of the first kind (paint stoving) is the most excellent quality. For those interested, this type of paint used by the garage that has an oven. Total repaint with paint will certainly make your car body harder and more resistant to scratches. Consequently dipatokpun prices become more expensive. For the latter is the type of paint Urathane. This is an alternative to repaint with a paint that costs a little more expensive than paint oven. This type of paint can be dried in a fairly short time approximately 8 hours with an additional additive Hardener (thinner). The most striking difference with stoving paint is its hardness against scratching. The last type of lacquer paint that is possible you should really avoid. Why is that ...? because although low, the result of painting with this type of paint is not seawet above two types of paint so easily dull and longest lasting 1 to 2 years. So ... after knowing that there are three types of paint, now you can directly decide the attitude, the type of paint which would you choose for your car. Do not be sorry that you will feel deceived.
    Ways to paint a car / bike is good, namely:
    1. Sand the first part to be painted with sandpaper (krtas rub) the size of the warerproof 800, then smoothed with sandpaper size / no. Of 1000.
    2. After the surface has been rubbed with sandpaper washer parts to be painted with water, dried with a cloth, and heated in the sun until dry benar2.
    3. Paint the desired surface with Epoxy setlah tercat finished drying the last part again with sandpaper, then rub with sandpaper size of 1200, and do not let up until fairly flat surface.
    4. After washing the sanded with clean water and dry in the sun to dry and cleaned with a soft cloth like a T-shirt fabric.
    5. Then enter the stage of painting with the desired base paint can be white or abu2, I used to menggunakaan brands Avian or steelgloss and painted the place that is open to avoid exposure to direct sunlight and dust media, after drying the painted benar2 TSB until dry, and buff again for who get the maximum, but with sandpaper no.> 1200 and notice the sanding process tipis2 enough.
    6. Included in the coloring process according yamg select desired color and paint more diluted mixture for ordinary wear size 1liter sy appeal 4liter paint thiner Super A, and in the process of painting is quite interesting quake 1 syringe of paint do not make it look rata.kemudian diulang2 bener2 drying to dry.
    7. Once dry then we enter the process so that the lacquer varnish with merk2 bgus select good as Avian S4000 Or Blinken and the results of our vehicles as though not given a shiny oil washed.



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  • When the brakes creaked

    Towards the dry season, the rain came down erratically. The result can be instantly soaked car and as soon as it's too dry. And sometimes creaked when the brake was activated in the two conditions.

    Most consumers are very concerned about the advent of sound. But the sound is actually not all that there is a corresponding damage to the car brakes.
    Brake noise can arise because of the canvas.

    However there are so sound that indicates the car's brakes would need to get treatment or even replacement. Here are some causes of brake noise that can be used as a benchmark. Also need to know the pros and cons when you use genuine or counterfeit products that are generally sold at lower prices ..

    The sound is fairly normal
    Otherwise normal creaked when the noise only appears when applying the brakes gently. But it was not issued any noise when the brake is pressed suddenly.

    Sound appears fairly normal, mostly because of the brake pad that is now being traded is the type of semi-metallic. And usually is used for front-wheel drive cars (front wheel drive) and minivans.

    Sounds suspicious
    Berdenyitnya brake noise that occurs at any time the component is enabled. Generally the sound is accompanied by a vibration in the pedal when the driver hit the brakes.

    If this happens immediately recommended him to the garage. Damage that causes symptoms like this can happen on the canvas, rotors and calipers. Usually the replacement of components must be accompanied by the service brakes on the other.

    Replace the original component
    It is recommended to replace the canvas and the original brake pad for your car. Brake pad and the break is made from superior quality just is not very hard. But also not too soft. These components are made rather soft sangaja braking process that goes up with a canvas or a pad that is designed more quickly exhausted.

    On the less good quality product, made of very hard material, so that will make the drum (drum) or dish (dish) brake easily scratched. Such damage would make the brake circuit is not working optimally.

    Avoid drum and disk repair
    Most of the workshop suggested to re-lathe (leveled) drum or disc brakes in the event of the basin or scratches. In theory this could have been running as normal. Especially when turning just a little effort to flatten the curvature or scratches on this component.




    But in fact this activity made the drum or disc brakes easily after undergoing turning it brittle. For the flattening process requires high heat also cause it to become brittle components.

    The results of the turning or resurfacing eat too much 'meat' of components can also make a drum or disc rupture when activated at the next opportunity.

    This activity is only recommended for emergencies. Immediately replace the drum or disc brakes with new products at the next opportunity.


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  • n bid / multiple sources


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  • beware when it rains

    There are many things to watch out for when it rains, including when you drive down the highway standing water on the road. Here we remind you to always be careful:
    1. Note the air inlet on your car if you go through a flooded street. Do not force yourself to go through a puddle of water whose height exceeds the height of the air inlet. In the sedan cars in general are behind the headlights, while on minibuses located on the fender.
    2. If you are stuck flooding and standing water remains below the hole and air channel ignition system then you do not need to turn off the engine exhaust while submerged. Exhaust gas pressure will block the water entering the exhaust. If the engine exhaust even death had no pressure so the water would immediately break into. Just run the car slowly in high rotation at the lowest transmission gear position with a stable.
    3. When driving on wet roads, you should reduce speed. The road is wet it will likely happen is the formation of a layer Aquaplanning triangle between the tire and the road surface. This will make the car lose traction and braking ability.
    4. If you are driving in the rain accompanied by lightning darting you should turn off the car radio. Some of the components inside the car radio is very susceptible terhadapa lightning disturbances.
    5. If the wiper eraser glass jam or run out of water when you are in the middle of the road when it rains. Try to trick an emergency. Look for a shop and buy a dab of soap. Apply soap lengthwise on the top edge of the windshield. Chemicals in the soap will make direct rain water slipping down so that you avoid the frosted glass.
    6. After passing the flood, it is important to check the brakes. Brake components are submerged in water can cause rust and cause damage.


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  • VOLKSWAGEN PREVIEWED its New Small Family (NSF)

    Audi Invited to Join VW’s New Small Family
    The tiny city car (previewed by the Up! concepts) is just part of Audi’s new range of fuel misers.

    IN 2007, VOLKSWAGEN PREVIEWED its New Small Family (NSF) of eco-cars with three concepts, a two-door hatchback, a four-door hatchback, and a microvan. Originally intended for VW, Seat, and Å koda only, NSF is being expanded to include an Audi version, the E1. In fact, the E1 will spearhead a selection of innovative, low-emissions, high-mileage models for Audi. Marketed under the E-line moniker, the new Audis share the same mission as BMW’s Project i vehicles. Audi’s lineup could include up to fi ve different products in various size and price classes. Here is what Audi’s R&D team is currently looking at: E1, based on the New Small Family (NSF).
    Audi has been invited to tap the NSF gene pool, but the brand doesn’t want a badgeengineered model, so Audi will get a distinct body and interior. The most likely body style for Audi is a two-door, three-seat commuter hatchback. NSF can accommodate a small gasoline or diesel engine, but an electric vehicle is also considered a mid-term must. Because of its ultracompact dimensions, the two-door is not ideal for a hybrid application.
    E2, a sporty mid-engine two-seater. This would be an Audi version of the even more radical VW two-liter car (as in two liters of fuel per 100 km, or 118 mpg). Volkswagen is preparing two closely related,  exceptionally frugal halo products that could infl uence the E2—the one-liter car (the second coming of
    the cigar-shaped tandem two-seater fi rst seen in 2002) and the two-liter car (a more conventional design with driver and passenger sitting next to each other). Although the one-liter car is a very small-volume, expensive, high-tech showpiece, the two-liter edition is more practical and more affordable. For minimum aerodynamic drag and optimal packaging, a mid-engine layout is favored, with a pair of 75-hp, 1.2-liter three-cylinder units (an 80-lb-ft direct-injected unit and a 130-lb-ft turbo-diesel ) most likely. Electric drive is also possible but may add too much to the price





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  • TIPS Diagnose a Slip Clutch

    Have your car's manual transmission gear such as hard to move? and sound when shifting gears? In fact, the clutch pedal is stepped on to the good. Shift the gear lever into second gear it feels just like using a tooth, for example. If so, maybe you have a car clutch slippage.
    Clutch slippage usually occurs when a car has been used for seven years (with the use of as much as possible). Gearshift is not getting a response, and sound may at memindahlan teeth are just two examples of the many symptoms. There are many other symptoms which may indicate that the coupling of a car is experiencing slippage. Following steps to diagnose the slip clutch:
    Be aware, are you quite often move the transmission into low gear when climbing through the path. If you are not aware of it, slip coupling cobakanlah this diagnosis on uphill roads are fairly quiet. As much as possible the selection of a quiet lane uphill done so that you do not cause congestion for other drivers.
    Be aware, if the engine sounds a bit unusual when you do start acceleration or when starting. The sound resembles the sound of this unusual object is playing hard enough.
    Be aware, if the clutch pedal started to slack off (los), especially when the clutch pedal can no longer be re-set or adjusted.
    Be aware, if the pedal starts to harden or tighten and need more power to tread on. When possible, reset the clutch pedal. Perform this procedure if you are already feeling the slack footing as far as 1.5 inches. If viewed in terms of finance or economics of the time, re-setting the clutch pedal is cheaper and faster process. However, the use of the new coupling is clearly more secure and make you need not worry.
    Try the following diagnostic procedures: Enable the emergency brake, turn on the engine, clutch and foot pedal
    and set the transmission into 4th gear. Slowly, try stepping off the clutch pedal (gas pedal still be climbed). If in this way there is no response or a car is not moving at all, it means the clutch pedal had to be replaced.
    A few steps above you should try. For the record, do not forget to check the hand brake. Make sure the rate freeze it to function perfectly. It should be noted that given the slip clutch can sometimes give the car back (when climbing) or forward by itself. Under these conditions, it is useful tantu handbrake. Good luck. (Dim)


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  • The car heating system

    Heat is a form of energy which means it cannot be destroyed.The principle of the heating and ventilation system is to transfer enough heat from one point to another.The heater is a devicewhich heats the air entering or already inside the vehicle (recycled air).The heated air is then directed to a combination of different places via a distribution of air ducts within the vehicle.
    There are a number of different methods available to heat the air – exhaust heater, heat as a by-product of combustion, electric heater etc. Generally motor vehicles use heat from combustion which is transferred through water or air depending on whether the engine is water or air cooled.
    If the vehicle is air cooled then a system of shrouds is used to direct the heat from the external surface of the engine, exhaust or in some cases from the lubrication system towards the inside of the vehicle.




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  • Automotive Air-conditioning and
    Climate Control Systems
    Steven Daly
    BEng, BA (Hons), IEng, Cert Ed, MIMI, LAE, MSAE
    Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford
    Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo
    Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier


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  • TIRE

    If you are the owner of the vehicle, whether it's two-wheelers, three, four, or more than four, info wheels on Monday (24/03) of useful. For info about The Rubber Round commonly known by the name of the tire, peel out. There are a few tips that are present on how to treat tire to remain comfortable and durable. Tips are:
    A. Tire sizes and tread patterns must match. On at least one brand as well as having the same characteristics.
    2. Use tires with the same construction (eg of Polyester material or steel).
    3. Tubles tires to be mounted on a special rim for tires tubles. And vice versa. Because the type of tires used tires but using tubelles rim, will result in reduced air pressure. Meanwhile, if you choose to use a tire type tublles, do not force it to use the inner tube. For the high speed hot air inside the tire will quickly rise and the effect of rubber Si explosive round at any time.
    4. Fitting the tires should be adjusted to suit by the outside tire. And if possible use the same brand tires in the tire.
    5. Note also the condition of tires you use on your vehicle.
    How to recognize the condition of the rubber round so easily. Recognize The Rubber Round by looking at the instructions TWI (Thread Wear Indocator). Make figures as a benchmark measure of the TWI. Afterward, you try to measure the thickness of the wheel tracks with a ruler from the bottom of the groove. If less than 2 mm you should immediately replace your tires with new ones.
    Tips above, of course beneficial to you. But there are certainly less so among you who understand the characteristics of the tires sold in the market. It is easy to identify the type of tires you use. Let your attention the tire. On each type of tire will lift or letters written a number that has actually been explained in detail the characteristics of the tire. For example, in a written 195/65R15 92H tires.
    What is listed on the tire sidewall can be categorized as follows:
    A. The figure 195 is a cross section of the tire width directions. The larger the cross section of the tire, the greater the tire treads.
    2. Figures 65 R is an indication of the height of the tire measured from rim to tire cross section attached to the road. The bigger the number the thicker the wall tires also when viewed from outer side (if measured from the rim).
    3. H 92 figures show the minimum and maximum speed of the tire. The larger the numbers shown increase the greater the strength of the tire to a certain speed.
    For the last number mentioned there is little explanation. In the world of The Rubber Round, the manufacturers usually include code standardization tire speed. There are several classification rate specified in each type of tire, the classification is:
    A. TR tires of this type can be used for vehicle speed of about 100 Km / h.
    2. HR tires of this type can be used for vehicles traveling at 210 Km / h.
    3. VR tires of this type can be used on vehicles capable of traveling at the speed of 260 km / h
    4. ZR code indicates that the tires of this type can be used on vehicles capable of traveling at speed 340 km / h.
    Where the code that would ban according to the type of vehicle you have, please you customized. Only, you also notice that you are using tire care what is written above. For one-one tire that you use actually backfire and result in less good.
    As information addition, for those who like to travel there is no harm if given a bit of a Round The liquid rubber patch.
    With the liquid, it is guaranteed Si Rubber Round will be safe. Because the function of the fluid that is taping re-patch the tire is punctured sharp objects. Even in a workshop said that for this type of nail with a length of 10 mm that pierced the tire can hold. Oh yes, if you feel afraid of these fluids will damage the inside of the tire, you do not need to worry.
    It is precisely to protect the liquid inside the tire at the same time you protect the rim from scratches. The way to clean it was fairly easy, you just spray water on the inside of the tire, or wiping the inside of the rim with a dry cloth. Easy is not it? Well who shelled out information about the world around The Round Rubber above we hope can be useful for you. Because understand, the conditions are uncertain as it is now useful tips and tricks of any kind must want to get. Especially how to be stand up durability of the tire. Not so is not it? ...


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  • 2010 Lincoln MKT

    “The MKT is fully differentiated from the Flex,” claims chief engineer Ron Heiser. That’s a bit of hyperbole, since they share the same platform (one which Heiser points out has superb crash performance) and basic chassis
    tuning. But his point is well-taken, because everything you see and touch both inside and outside the MKT—which closely hews to the MKT Concept from last year’s Detroit show—has little to nothing in common with the Flex. Indeed, chief designer Gordon Platto takes visible pleasure from pointing out the MKT’s features: “This is the fi rst time we’ve actually fully integrated the grille from the [2007] MKR Concept. We’ve combined it with zero-offset bumpers for a smooth exterior.
    Inside, we use the same cut-and-sew leather and wood trim as in the MKS sedan, and our ‘fl oating armrest’ is also from the MKR and allows us to offer contrast-color inserts later.”
    When it goes on sale late this summer, the Ontario-built, glassroofed, seven-passenger crossover will be offered in front- or all-wheeldrive guise, powered by a 267-hp, 268-lb-ft, 3.7-liter V-6 mated to a six-speed paddleshift transmission. The optional EcoBoost V-6 bumps both power and torque to about 350 and comes with standard all-wheel drive and its own 20-inch wheel design (twenties are also available with the base V-6). Thus equipped, the MKT tips the scales at a whopping 5250 pounds, but Heiser points out weight-saving measures, such as a “huge piece” of magnesium in the tailgate that saved twenty pounds and the use of cast magnesium for the superstructure that holds the radiator. Pricing hasn’t been announced, but Lincoln says the $41,750 Acura MDX and the $44,325 Audi Q7 are its primary targets. — jd



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  • Brake Oil: Do not Think Trivial Brake

    SYSTEM braking on motor vehicles is clearly not familiar with the standard and luxury cars, antique cars and the output current. Anyway, when driven at high speeds or when walking slowly, the vehicle must be stopped because it had to be stopped or because there is an obstacle that suddenly appeared in front of the vehicle.
    IF offensive braking system, in addition to a number of devices that are attached to the vehicle such as using a drum brake system or use a disc (disc brake), it still brake fluid (brake fluid) are the mainstay of which should receive attention, particularly related to the time of the traction braking.
    The presence of imported cars or cars with cutting-edge engine technology powered lately emphasized to the owners or drivers of motor vehicles for a more detailed understanding of what it called the brake fluid. This warning is important not to suddenly when the brake pedal, the car continues to move reluctant to be stopped.
    It's nothing, especially imported cars, with a large capacity engine power, braking systems clearly need a more adequate and more reliable. Moreover, the car has antilock brake system using the system (ABS). This is closely related to the type of brake fluid is used, which is certainly different from the brake fluid used a variety of small motorized vehicles are mostly standard passing on the road this country.
    "Usually a car with ABS systems use a type of brake fluid with DOT higher," said Soelistyo Wibowo, a mechanic who had been handling the cars output PT Indomobil Suzuki International Commerce. DOT department of transportation is the alias on the classification of brake fluid which obviously can not be ignored.
    DOT has become increasingly important as today's latest cars are not just using the ABS system, but is equipped with electronic brake-force distribution (EBD) which electronically helps distribute brake fluid to each wheel so as to obtain an equivalent braking system. This prevents the brakes when the car spun.

    DOT Classification quality shows the existing brake fluid, which means also the ability in the effectiveness of vehicle braking. "The cars with large engine power obviously requires DOT brake fluid with a higher classification because it can last up to a very high boiling point which occurs during braking," said Basuki Rachmad, manager of product planning at PT Toyota Astra Motor.
    Brake fluid is glycol ether-based chemicals capable of reaching the boiling point to 250 degrees Celsius. "Because at the time of braking when the car in high speed, the temperature in the drum, brake lining, brake fluid and can reach very high temperatures. Anyway at night brake lining could be seen glowing red," said Basuki Rachmad encountered during the launch of Toyota Avanza earlier this year.
    Classification of brake fluid commonly found in the market is DOT 3. Standard cars, such as Japan car output, typically using DOT 3 brake fluid this classification. The latest cars with a great engine technology with tremendous power output requires a higher DOT classification, such as DOT 4 or DOT 5.
    European output of cars or the United States (U.S.), for example, most have used DOT 4. Can not be denied, the car with the use of DOT 4 brake fluid types will feel lighter in braking. Power grip is also more effective. Similarly, the brake fluid DOT 5 or higher.
    That said, racing Formula I cars, known as the pole using the brake fluid with DOT classification of 6 or 7. Thus, when Michael Schumacher in his Ferrari, he could immediately reduce the rate of the car is being driven at speeds approaching 300 kilometers per hour. Remain functional brake Formula I even put a halt to the boiling point was reached very high, knowing that the speed of close to 300 kilometers per hour.
    Intriguing question, whether the car with DOT 3 brake fluid types can be replaced with DOT 4 brake fluid





    or let the higher the braking effectiveness? Or conversely, a car that uses a type of DOT 4 brake fluid is used as the output current cars of Europe or the U.S. can not simply be replaced with DOT 3 brake fluid type?
    "You'd better stick with the recommended type of brake fluid manufacturers," said Wibowo Soelistyo as he claimed not to know what effect if replace the type of DOT 3 brake fluid to DOT 4 or vice versa. "Clearly, the suggestion of using the plant type DOT 3 brake fluid because it has adapted to the various braking systems devices, such as pipes or rubber on the brake master," he said.
    A definite type of DOT 3 brake fluid has a boiling point and viscosity (viscosity) at high and low temperatures are different types of DOT 4 brake fluid. These differences also affect the ability of the brake fluid in brake components to protect from rust. Chemical compounds in brake fluid, such as antioxidants and antifoam, useful or rubber seals to protect the lasting power. In fact, these compounds can also minimize the presence of air bubbles in the pipeline or that could result in brake master brake tension.
    If so, of course, the desire to replace the owner or driver of DOT 3 brake fluid to DOT 4 brake so that the grip is actually wrong. That may occur, use DOT 4 with a higher quality chemical compounds can cause the brake pipeline ruptured due to the ability of a high boiling point and the pressure that comes across clearly higher than DOT 3 brake fluid. Thus, the mean brake also be relieved.
    So it is taboo if you use DOT 4 brake fluid type and then going to be replaced with DOT 3 brake fluid. What happens is that the braking effectiveness is reduced because the driving force and a lower boiling point. In fact, cars with DOT 4 brake fluid are the cars with large engine power capabilities and thus require a more adequate braking effectiveness. Not to mention the demands of the latest technology in braking systems, such as ABS and EBD.
    Long story short, often car owners, especially of the upper classes, entrusting his vehicle maintenance is included in the brake fluid to the authorized repair shop. Thus, the guarantee will be used brake fluid remain as recommended by the manufacturer. However, not infrequently there are persons, whether drivers or workers' workshop, a rogue. Understandably, DOT 4 brake fluid type or types of higher DOT rare and more expensive too. So, it should be aware. (Pieter P Gero)



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  • Zinc coated steel — PVD coatings

    The next change with respect to zinc coating steel technology relates to the perennial problem of pick-up of zinc particles/build-up of zinc on press tools, and accelerated electrode tip wear due to alloying of molten zinc with the copper-rich spot welding electrodes. These aspects must be addressed if efficiency of all links of the process chain are to be improved. In a recent BRITE-EURAM collaborative project6 it has
    been demonstrated that using physical vapour deposition techniques coatings as low as 4–5 microns can be deposited which give advantages with respect to both press performance and electrode tip life. Although presenting a challenge in terms of the production of strip wide enough for automotive production this has already been shown as a viable alternative method of zinc deposition in Japan7 and the economics approach those of the electrogalvanizing process. The advantage of the process as proven in the joint European project was that alloyed layers of zinc plus elements such as Ti, Cr and manganese could be deposited which proved to show enhanced corrosion resistance compared with standard automotive quality zinc coated steel.
    The direction of this work must now be redirected to optimize preferred alloying elements, the format of sandwich layers, and regarding the processing parameters such as the nature of the vapour itself. Initial indications show that this unique method of alloying could eventually lead to a product which answers all the questions posed – cost, coating integrity, corrosion resistance and processability.


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  • Materials for Automobile Bodies
    Geoff Davies F.I.M., M.Sc. (Oxon)
    AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD
    PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO


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  • Extend Car Clutch

    EXCEPT brakes, tires, there are other important parts of the car that need attention, namely the clutch. Coupling serves to connect and disconnect the engine speed transmission. To extend the life of the clutch, to know its ways in order to use the clutch done correctly.
    Some parts of the coupling of these components of the clutch plate (clutch disc), sun (clutch cover), release bearing and pilot bearing. The most frequent damage is a clutch plate or clutch disc. Because of the vital functions it is important to be treated and maintained properly.
    Here are some ways to stay fit and coupling conditions of long-lived, namely:
    First, while on the ramp, you should not step on the clutch half. Such conditions would lead to a rapid clutch wear. Better to use handbrake and transmission neutralized, if there are obstacles on the road uphill.
    Secondly, try not to step on the clutch pedal is too long. This is to avoid friction plate clutch with clutch closed and wheels successor. If left unchecked, will have a hot clutch plates so likely to be quickly worn out and damaged.
    Third, oil clutch. If an interruption in oil clutch, pedal stepped on, can be relieved.
    This can cause malfunction of the transmission gearshift. As a result, the car can not run.
    Fourth, should avoid the muddy street, because when there is slippage will cause rapid clutch wear.
    Fifth, if in a state of red-light transmission better neutralized.
    Sixth, avoid stepping on the clutch pedal is too rough. So also when removing it. When done in a way that is abusive, then touch the clutch plates will feel harder. It will accelerate wear and tear.
    Seventh, consider whether the clutch is always full of oil? If it is less visible, check the possibility of leakage. Standard couplings usually oil consumption of approximately 20,000 km. If there is any possible leaks in the rubber and rubber clutch master cylinder clutch release below the break.


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  • FUSES

    A fuse is a device usually used as a protection method that prevents the damage of these circuits connected to a power source. That is why the fuse must be always placed between the power source and the protected load. An accurate election of the fuse is a very important decision that affects not only the security, but also the reliability and the efficiency of an
    electric system. Conventional fuses are activated by the temperature that the fuse reaches in an excessive current situation and can be subdivided in two groups: blow-out fuses and those constructed with materials with a positive temperature coefficient. In both cases, the fusion of the device is caused by the calorific power generated by the power dissipation.
    A fuse is designed to correctly dissipate the heat generated by a current under normal conditions, reaching a stationary temperature quite below the melting temperature; when the equilibrium disappears and the temperature exceeds the fuse melting temperature, the fuse melts.
    It is well known that the heat generated in the fuse needs time to be transferred to the environment and that the dissipated power is I2Rfuse. It can be deduced from this that the activation energy needed by a concrete fuse at a particular room-temperature is always the product I2t.
    According to this, it is normal that the I-t curves look like the ones depicted in  Figure 1.6, where curve (II) represents a slow blow-out fuse and curve (III) represents a faster one.
    Conventional fuses are destroyed when any working point of the I-t curve is reached.
    To come back to a normal operational situation, after the disappearance of the problem that caused the overcurrent, a new fuse must be put in place. This requirement represents a big problem that new electric systems try to overcome.
    At the moment, two different circuit-protection devices that offer reusability are being developed: the Polymeric Positive Temperature Coefficient (PPTC) fuse and the Smart Power Switch (SPS).



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  • Handbook of
    Automotive Power
    Electronics
    and Motor Drives
    Edited by
    Ali Emadi
    Illinois Institute of Technology
    Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
    Boca Raton London New York Singapore
    A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the
    Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.
    © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC


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