An electrical distribution system groups electric generators, electrical loads, their interconnection elements, and the management and protection systems of this interconnection.
This system has the primary responsibility to generate electrical energy from the mechanical energy coming from the rotational shaft of the explosion motor. Second, it has the responsibility to distribute this energy to those loads that demand it and to store the rest. As Figure 1.1 shows, three main subsystems can be identified in a conventional distribution system of any car.
1.3.1 BATTERY AND ITS CHARGING SYSTEM
The battery is an electrical storage device whose function is to store the energy, usually thanks to an electrochemical process, that is generated by the generator device and is not consumed by the loads. Moreover, it allows the supply of the loads even when the motor is stopped and provides the peak of energy demanded when the motor starts. The charging system, usually composed by an alternator, a rectifier, and a voltage regulator, keeps the optimal level of charge of the battery to supply the loads.
1.3.2 MOTOR STARTER SYSTEM
Nowadays a small DC motor, with less than 3 kW of power, forces the crank of the explosion motor until the appearance of ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. The ignition usually appears after a few seconds, and during the first hundreds of milliseconds the consumed current can exceed 500 A.
1.3.3 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Today automobiles have a very complex management system. One part has the responsibility of the interconnection and the protection of the loads: body electrical systems, lighting systems, in-car entertainment, and so on. Another part controls and defines the optimal parameters for a correct behavior of the motor. Finally, the chassis control system looks after the brake management, the suspension, and, in general, the active security systems of the automobile.
Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives
Edited by
Ali Emadi
Illinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Boca Raton
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